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Russian archives contain Mikhail Sholokhov's working materials including copies of historical documents, letters from eyewitnesses of Civil War events and his own notes on novel creation methodology. Analysis shows Sholokhov conducted careful investigation of historical facts, interviewed witnesses, collected Cossack songs and folklore materials. However his artistic method allowed him to transform this documentary quality into deeply human stories where historical events are perceived through the lens of personal experience and emotional reality. Researchers discovered notebooks where Sholokhov developed character personalities, transferred real events into fictional contexts, creating synthesis of historical truth and artistic fiction. This research illuminates his genius as novelist capable of combining the scale of historical events with the intimacy of human experience.